Allows the transmission of multi-protocol packets, where SLIP only allows for the transmission of IP packets. SLIP is simpler than PPP, easier to debug, and a pure CSLIP will usually out perform an equivalent PPP connection. SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) - defines two special characters: END and ESC. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) This is called the SLIP END character, and has a byte value of 192 decimal (C0 hexadecimal, 11000000 binary). And that's basically it: take the whole datagram, send it one byte at a time, and then send the byte 192 to delimit the end of the datagram.

The Serial Line Internet Protocol (also SLIP) is an encapsulation of the Internet Protocol designed to work over serial ports and router connections. It is documented in RFC1055. On personal computers, SLIP has been largely replaced by the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), which is better engineered, has more features and does not require its IP address configuration to be set before it is established. On microcontrollers, however, SLIP is still the preferred way of encapsulating IP packets due to its very small overhead.

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Some people refer to the successful and widely used RFC1055 Serial Line Internet Protocolas 'Rick Adams' SLIP',^[1]to avoid confusion with other proposed protocols named 'SLIP'.Those other protocols include the much more complicated RFC914 appendix D Serial Line Interface Protocol.^[1]

Description[edit]

SLIP modifies a standard TCP/IPdatagram by

• appending a special 'END' byte to it, which distinguishes datagram boundaries in the byte stream,
• if the END byte occurs in the data to be sent, the two byte sequence ESC, ESC_END is sent instead,
• if the ESC byte occurs in the data, the two byte sequence ESC, ESC_ESC is sent.
• variants of the protocol may begin, as well as end, packets with END.

SLIP requires a serial port configuration of 8 databits, no parity, and either EIA hardware flow control, or CLOCAL mode (3-wire null-modem) UART operation settings.

SLIP does not provide error detection, being reliant on upper layer protocols for this. Therefore, SLIP on its own is not satisfactory over an error-prone dial-up connection. It is however still useful for testing operating systems' response capabilities under load (by looking at flood-ping statistics).

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SLIP escape characters were also required on some modem connections to escape Hayes command set, allowing therefore to pass binary data through those modems that would recognize some characters as commands.

CSLIP[edit]

A version of SLIP with headercompression is called Compressed SLIP (CSLIP). The compression algorithm used in CSLIP is known as Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression. CSLIP has no effect on the data payload of a packet and is independent of any compression by the serial line modem used for transmission. It reduces the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header from twenty bytes to seven bytes. https://quiznin.netlify.app/download-buku-digital.html. CSLIP has no effect on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagrams.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abRFC1547: 'Requirements for an Internet Standard Point-to-Point Protocol'

External links[edit]

• RFC1055: Romkey, J. (June 1988). 'A Nonstandard for transmission of IP datagrams over serial lines: SLIP'.
• RFC1144: Jacobson, V. (February 1990). 'Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links'. — introduced the Van Jacobson TCP/IP Header Compression used by CSLIP

The Parallel Line Internet Protocol (PLIP) is a computer networkingprotocol for direct computer-to-computer communications using the parallel port normally used for connections to a printer.^[1][2]

The Parallel Line Internet Protocol provides Link Layer services for the Internet Protocol, the protocol used for forming small local area networks and large computer networks, such as the Internet, enabling computers without standard dedicated networking hardware, such as Ethernet, but with older parallel port devices, to communicate.

Operation[edit]

The Internet Protocol Suite is the standards-based networking model and software specification for forming small and large computer networks, from local area networks to global communication systems, such as the Internet. It is usually implemented by software and hardware features that use Ethernet network interface cards, cabling, and networking switches or hubs.

Early personal computers did not have Ethernet hardware included in their design and bus adapters were initially expensive. A solution to was to use the, at the time, standard parallel port, typically used for connection to a printer or similar output device. The ports on two computers are connected with a so-called null-printer cable, sometimes called a LapLink cable.

The laplink cable connects five output pins of a parallel port to five input pins on the opposing port, for each direction. Due to the lack of an internal timing in the parallel ports, synchronization is implemented via software handshaking: four of the five pins are used for data transfer and one is used for synchronization. The logical values at these pins are read and written directly by the software via an input or output instruction.

This method does not connect the bidirectional data lines of the two devices, in order to avoid both lines being active at the same time. The status lines ERROR, SLCT, PAPOUT, ACK and BUSY on one device are connected to data pins d0 through d4 respectively on the other.

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Transmission of a byte is accomplished by dividing it into two nibbles of four bits each. Each nibble is transmitted by setting the four data lines according to the four nibble bits and then toggling the acknowledge line. This toggle indicates the receiving host that the nibble is ready to be read. Once the receiving host has read the nibble, it toggles its synchronization line to tell the transmitter that the nibble has been read and that a new one may be sent. Both hosts use a toggle on their acknowledge lines to indicate that the read or write operation has been performed. As a result, each host has to wait for a toggle from the other host before proceeding with a new operation.

As an example, the transfer of nibble 0010 proceeds as follows:

When the transmitter detects the toggle, this procedure is repeated for the next nibble.

Internet Protocol packets are sent over the line after encapsulating them into PLIP packets before transmission over the line. The encapsulated packet has the following structure:

• packet length: 2 bytes, little endian
• ethernet header (mostly used for backward compatibility)
• the IP packet
• checksum: 1 byte, sum modulo 256 of bytes in the packet

Mac os x 10.10 beta 5 download. The length and checksum are calculated over the second and third field only, so that the actual total length of the packet is three more than the length as reported in the first two bytes of the packet.

Similar methods[edit]

An analogous feature for serial communications ports is the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), using null-modem cables, but allows transfer of four bits at a time rather than one. It generally works at higher bitrates. The method is based on the 'Crynwr' standard devised by Russ Nelson.

Ethernet may also be used as a direct computer-to-computer communications method using an Ethernet crossover cable.

Other point-to-point connections, such as USB host-to-host bridges or cables are also used to transfer files between two computers where a network is not necessary or available.

References[edit]

1. ^Nicholas Wells; Michael Jang (2000). Guide to Linux Installation and Administration. Cengage Learning EMEA. p. 63. ISBN0-619-00097-X.
2. ^Fred Hantelmann (6 December 2012). LINUX Start-up Guide: A self-contained introduction. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3. ISBN978-3-642-60749-3.

Point-to-point Protocol

See also[edit]

Ppp Vs Slip

• PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
• Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

External links[edit]

• A description of the PLIP protocol by Alessandro Rubini